USG – Somewhere Out There

Homelab Chronicles 10: Verifying the VPN and Failing

Having done all the prep work for the Unifi L2TP VPN, I was ready to test it out. I turned on my hotspot on my phone and had my laptop connect to it. Using the built-in Windows VPN client, I went ahead and put my VPN address in, username and password, and the pre-shared key. Then I hit connect.

And it connected! Quickly and on the first attempt!

Of course, that’s only half the battle. Could I reach local network resources? Would the VPN forward my web traffic?

Yes and No. Great.

At first, pings to local resources failed. But then I realized that I was still running a firewall rule in Unifi that blocked all inter-VLAN traffic. After I turned those rules off, those pings, including to the router and a Windows server, started working.

I could even connect to network drives—though only using the IP address, and not with a hostname. In a command line, I ran ipconfig /all, and the entry for the L2TP VPN adapter showed the correct namesevers for my network. Strange.

On the web front, it failed completely. In Edge (Chromium-based), trying to go to any website failed immediately. Even trying to go to ESXI’s portal, which simply uses an IP address failed. Same happened in Chrome and Firefox.

OK, well maybe it wasn’t getting out to the Internet. I tried ping 8.8.8.8 -t; that worked, so it was getting out to the Internet via the VPN. Then I tried pinging a domain, like espn.com or yahoo.com. Interestingly, it resolved the IP address and the ping succeeded.

I checked that all custom firewall rules in Unifi were turned off, not that I had many. And certainly none related to blocking web traffic.

Well, maybe Windows itself is doing some kind of firewalling. I don’t understand why it would appear to be blocking only Port 80 web traffic when connected to this VPN (I often use a VPN for work and Windscribe when travelling and they work flawlessly), but I completely turned off all firewalls. Still didn’t solve the issue.

At this point, I start scouring the Internet. It seemed like many others had similar issues, with even a few having basically the same problem. But there was never a solution or something that I hadn’t tried already or some configuration change that was applicable to me. A common problem was people who were on the same subnet locally and on the VPN. That didn’t apply to me since my phone hotspot was using a completely different subnet from anything I use.

I was starting to get annoyed. I had to refocus. What could it not be? Because the VPN actually did connect, it couldn’t have been the domain and DDNS stuff I was doing the other day. The username, password, and PSK were correct as well. It wasn’t any custom Unifi firewall rules that I had in place, since those only dealt with inter-VLAN routing and I turned them off, and was able to reach other devices on the network.

Could it be the computer itself?

I know the Windows VPN client is crappy. Though I’ve also used it before with other VPN connections and it was fine. But it’s always good troubleshooting to isolate the problem as best as possible.

That led me to pull out my aging 8-9yo Macbook Pro. I connected it to my hotspot, created a new VPN connection, set it to be highest in the network order, and also set it to route all traffic down the VPN, and then pushed the “Connect” button.

It connected. I tried pinging local resources; success. I tried connecting via SMB to local resources; success. I even opened a movie that I had stored on that network drive; it played. OK, looking good. Time for the moment of truth: I opened Edge and went to a website.

It loaded! I navigated to ESXI’s login page, which I connect to using an IP address. It loaded. I went through several of my bookmarks, went to YouTube, watched a video—it all worked!

But was web really going through the VPN? For all I knew, it could have been simply “falling back” to the regular WiFi hotspot connection. However, in MacOS, there are some colored bars that show when sending and receiving traffic is going through the VPN connection. And guess what? As I made requests in the web browser, I could see the bars lighting up, especially when traffic was inbound.

So I did set-up the VPN properly! It was working exactly how it should! But then why the hell was it not working on my main Windows laptop?

For good measure, I restarted the laptop. Then I deleted the VPN connection in Windows and remade it. It connected just fine, but like before, network resources could be reached, but not web traffic.

How about the VPN client? Maybe Windows’ client really is that bad and the culprit. I looked around for a third party client and someone on reddit recommended the Draytek Smart VPN Client. Downloaded and installed it. Entered in the VPN settings. It connected. But like before…Exact. Same. Thing. Happened.

Which leaves me here, after 3-4hrs of messing with this. I don’t understand why it works perfectly on MacOS, but far from perfectly on Windows. I don’t understand why local traffic, and even domain resolution for command line ping and tracert commands, work, but not web traffic. I don’t understand why Spotify “half-loaded.” Forgot to mention that. Like the items on the app’s home screen wouldn’t load, but songs I know I’ve never played and downloaded onto that laptop actually played.

So 3-4hrs later, I’m defeated. I’m frustrated. I don’t know what else to do or where else to look. Even Ubiquiti’s Unifi forums aren’t super helpful. Lots of really old posts that I don’t think necessarily apply here. YouTube had several videos on creating the VPN, but not addressing this specific problem. Reddit’s Unifi forum had plenty of questions, but no answers. I’m at a loss.

But I need a VPN solution. A friend told me about OpenVPN’s free Access Server service. I also have a friend who uses WireGuard and (mostly) swears by it. Some time last year, I did make an attempt to build a self-hosted OpenVPN server, though it was quite technical. I’ll start looking into one of those options.

Sigh.

Homelab Chronicles 08: Investigating the Incident

Homelab

(Continued from Homelab Chronicles 07).

From the moment I woke up, through work, and into the afternoon, I was constantly monitoring my network. I have the Unifi app on my phone, so it was easy to see the list of clients connected to WiFi. Luckily, nothing unexpected connected.

Maybe the “Special Victims Unit” can investigate

At this point, I assumed my neighborly adversary (adversarial neighbor?) knew they had been caught. The WiFi network they had connected to had disappeared overnight, as did my similarly named “main” one. In its place, a new SSID would pop up on “Emily’s iPad” when they tried to connect, with a name that wasn’t mean, crude, or insulting, but one with a subtle message that basically says, “I see you and I know what you did.”

I forgot to mention that my main WLAN has always used WPA2/WPA3 for authenticating. I think there are ways to crack WPA2, but I’ll get into that in the future.

Once I got home, I jumped back onto the Unifi Controller to see what information I could glean. Having “fancy” Ubiquiti Unifi gear means the platform records and stores a lot more information than the average household router. I mentioned in the previous Chronicle that the Controller can tell me the device manufacturer by looking up MAC addresses. I can also see connection histories. With packet sniffing and traffic analysis tools, I can also see general traffic usage, i.e. where they were going.

So when did they first get on my network?

Unifi gives alerts when devices disconnect and connect. I silenced these alerts, because that’d be annoying for as many devices I have, but it records these nonetheless. It also shows the last 5 times a device connected, along with a duration. Most of the unauthorized devices appeared to have connected within the last 10-14 days. However, I did see one device with a recorded connection date around 20 days ago. It was connected for 13 days straight. It had “Amazon” in the hostname, so I’m assuming it’s some kind of smart home device that’s always on.

Sadly, because my server, and therefore Controller, was turned off to save on AC and electricity costs, there are large gaps in the 2-3 month history. It’s possible the devices were connected further back than 20 days ago. But that “Amazon” device only had two entries; 20 days ago and then overnight when I powercycled the WAP. So I’m assuming that nearly 3 weeks ago was when they first cracked the password.

Where did they go or what did they do?

Naturally, my next bit of curiosity was wanting to know what they were doing while connected. I needed to know if the adversaries were doing illegal things. Were they engaged in piracy? I don’t need a(nother) copyright strike on my ISP records! I hope to god they weren’t doing anything more illegal than that.

The Insights tab for the blocked devices showed me generally what they were doing. And it was mostly mundane, everyday stuff. Lots of streaming content from YouTube, Netflix, Hulu, Spotify, etc. Looking at that “Amazon” device, I could see traffic entries for Hulu and Amazon Video. Maybe it’s not a smart home device, but instead a Fire Stick or Fire Tablet. Interestingly, I deduced they have a child: I found a traffic entry on a blocked device for Roblox, the popular kids game. I’m more of a Minecraft guy, myself.

Traffic sources for a single device in Unifi Console. — *Roblox? Oof.*

Looking at Internet traffic overall, I could see there were other devices that were connected prior to my discovery. The only ones I outright blocked were those that happened to be connected to WiFi at the time. There was traffic to Xbox gaming services, which was tied to a device with an appropriate hostname: XboxOne. It looked like they downloaded a game or update/patch since it was a sizable 1.75GB download.

List of top Internet traffic sources in Unifi Console. — *Probably some Call of Duty “scrub noob.”*

But overall, traffic was pretty low. Certainly not enough for me to notice Internet speed degradation. Helps that I have gigabit fiber.

It doesn’t look like they were engaging in torrenting of pirated material, but at the same time, I’m not familiar with how that would look in Unifi. There isn’t a “Torrenting” category of traffic that popped up and I don’t know if that exists. But given the overall low data usage, it doesn’t seem that way.

Is this a crime?

I do want to point out that what “Emily” did is highly illegal. They hacked/cracked their way into my network. Every state in the US has laws on the books about this, as does the federal government, I’m sure. But not only did they engage in unauthorized access to a network, they also used my Internet connection, that I pay for. That’s theft of services. I didn’t authorize “Emily” and their family to be on my network, nor did I allow them to use my Internet connection.

“Unauthorized access” entails approaching, trespassing within, communicating with, storing data in, retrieving data from, or otherwise intercepting and changing computer resources without consent. These laws relate to these and other actions that interfere with computers, systems, programs or networks.
National Conference of State Legislatures – Computer Crime Statutes

But then who would I report this to? And who would investigate this? My city PD and the state have more important things to worry about. I think.

Speaking of worry, because of how they entered the network, by cracking into it, I’m still worried about my computers. While one of my cybersecurity buddies introduced me to SIEMs a few months ago and had me install Wazuh on my server, I only have it monitoring one computer, the one I use the most. I have other computers that are on almost all the time that I don’t use as much. More importantly, I’m not anywhere near proficient enough to be able to analyze all the logs that Wazuh is collecting. As a result, I still need to figure out what I want or need to do about my computers. Were they able to gain access to them? Upload and run malicious code?

On the other hand, someone online that I talked to about this did mention that it was odd that they didn’t attempt to obfuscate their device names. So maybe they’re just a “script kiddie” that for some reason can’t or doesn’t want to pay for their own Internet like an adult.

Regardless, it still has me worried. And that’s the rub. Even though this was entirely digital, it feels the same as if someone physically broke in and entered my home without me knowing. And then stayed there, hidden away, in the attic.

As an introvert and a sort of hermit (Look, it’s hot and humid as hell out there!), my home is my sanctuary. I’m sure that’s true for everyone, introvert or not. But because I spend so much time on my computers for work and for leisure, that too is my “home,” as sad and ridiculous as that may sound. Same concept though; in this world we live in, our “digital life” through our devices and everything stored on them is important to each of us. Find me a person that would be OK with someone “rifling” through their cell phone. Or OK with someone posting even a silly status on their Facebook or Twitter behind their back. Some people don’t even want their family or significant others to look through their phone, much less a stranger. My privacy has been invaded and my feeling of safety, shattered. It sounds dramatic, but it’s true.

I still have work to clean this up. And I have some ideas. But I’ll get to that on my next post, Soon™, which will wrap this ‘incident’ up.

—To be continued.

Homelab Chronicles 07: ALERT! – Unauthorized Access

Homelab

It’s been awhile since I’ve done anything with my Homelab. I’ve been busy with work, travel, and lounging around. There’ve even been extended periods over the last 2-3 months where my server has been completely turned off so I can save some money on electricity during the hot, hot summer. Plus, when it’s 100°F (37.7°C) outside and my AC is trying to keep things at a “cool” 78°F (25.6°C), the last thing I need is a server putting out even more heat.

But I was forced to take a look at things the other night when my Ubiquiti USG was making strange sounds. Fearing that it was going out, I wanted to look around to see how much a replacement would cost. I needed some information on my USG, so around midnight before going to bed, I booted up the server — it hosts an Ubuntu VM that itself hosts the Unifi Controller — and signed-in to the Unifi Controller via Web.

Almost immediately I was struck by how many clients were supposedly connected to the network: 34 devices.

Now, I’m a single guy with no kids, living in a 2-bedroom apartment. But I’m also an IT professional, a geek, and a gamer. I have several computers, cell phones, tablets, consoles, and such. I also have some smart home stuff like plugs, thermostat, cameras, etc. But the number of devices connected is pretty stable. Like 20-25.

So to see 34 clients was surprising.

I started with the list of wired connections. About 10 devices that I mostly recognized, even with just MAC addresses. Unifi has a neat feature where it’ll lookup MAC addresses to find manufacturer information. Anyway, all good there. So I went to the list of wireless connections.

At the very top of the list, I saw 10 devices that I didn’t recognize. One had a hostname of “Emilys-iPad.” I’m not an Emily. I don’t know an Emily. And I certainly don’t have an iPad named Emily…’s-iPad.

List of Devices in Unifi Console — *Who the hell is Emily and why does she have an iPad on my network?*

My heart started racing and I got jitters. Devices were on my WiFi network that were not mine. Devices that I didn’t authorize, by someone that I didn’t know. There were a couple Amazon devices, an LG device, and other hostnames I didn’t recognize. But I don’t have any Amazon devices, nor LG.

How long have these been on my network? Whose are these? But more importantly, how did they get on the network?

I didn’t spend much time answering those questions, as the situation needed to be dealt with. Instead of going to bed, I took a screenshot of the device list with hostnames and MAC addresses, and then immediately got to work.

To start, I disconnected and blocked all the devices from connecting to my WAP. I noticed that all the devices were connected to a secondary WLAN with a separate SSID; more on that in a second. I disabled and then deleted that WLAN. I then powercycled the USG and the Unifi WAP to make sure those devices were off the WLAN and wouldn’t be able to connect again. When it restarted, nothing was connected to that WLAN and only my devices were connected to the “main” WLAN. The threats were removed.

OK, so now about this WLAN. Some months ago, I whipped out my old Playstation Portable (PSP). I was feeling nostalgic and wanted to find some old games on the Playstation Store, so I needed to connect my PSP to the Internet. I have a modern WiFi 6 (802.11ax) Unifi AP. Unfortunately, the PSP, being so old, can only connect to 802.11b or 802.11g networks. I can’t remember the decision making process, but I eventually created a secondary WLAN, that was specifically for b/g devices. And of course I password protected it. However, since the PSP is old, I used the old-school WEP (Wireless Equivalent Privacy) as the password protocol.

Devices were on my WiFi network that were not mine. Devices that I didn’t authorize, by someone that I didn’t know.

Anyway, after I was finished with my PSP, I didn’t take the network down. “Never know when I might want to use it again,” I thought. So I left it up. Nothing was connected to it since. Since then, I’ve signed-in to the Unifi Controller a handful of times and never noticed anything other than my devices on my main WLAN. I honestly forgot that I even had it up. Until this happened.

With the threats neutralized, I could finally start doing some investigating. And my first question was obviously how they got on the network.

I’m assuming I password protected the WLAN. Because I’m not an idiot. Usually. But if it was only with WEP…well, there’s a reason why we’ve moved to WPA (WiFi Protected Access), WPA2, and WPA3.

According to Wikipedia, WEP was created in 1999. 23yrs ago. And over time, major vulnerabilities were found quickly. Without getting into the nitty-gritty, it’s not hard to crack a WEP password. There are programs out there online that are easy to find to sniff packets, analyze data, and eventually crack the password. Possibly in minutes.

That said…it’s not exactly something I’d expect my average neighbor to be doing. I’ve known about cracking WiFi passwords and “wardriving” for a long time. But even I’ve never done it.

I got a little nervous thinking about that. What kind of adversary is one of my neighbors? Are they also an IT person? Maybe a security professional?

And if they were on my network, what else did they see or even touch? In retrospect, it was dumb of me to do this, but I didn’t put that WLAN on a separate VLAN. I mean, why would I? I’m the only one connecting to it, with my one device. What that means is if anything connects to that b/g network, they’re on THE network. They can see my computers, my server, my consoles, my smart devices…everything.

Do I now have to wipe all my computers and VMs? I mean, some need it, but it’s still an undertaking to have to redo everything. It’d likely take a whole weekend and then some.

That led me down another path, concerning my “main” WLAN. Did I use the same password for that b/g network, too? If so, they’d know the password to my main WLAN, as well, which has a different, but similarly-styled SSID.

So I nuked my main WLAN and created an entirely new one with a new SSID and new complex password. I then had to reconnect my smart home devices.

At that point, it was already around 2:00am, and I had to go into the office in the morning. What started as me wanting to find some model information on my USG turned into DEFCON1 at home.

But with the unauthorized devices off the network, a new WLAN, and the important devices back online, I felt somewhat comfortable going to bed. The investigation would have to wait until I got home the next day.

—To be continued.

Homelab Chronicles 06 – “Hey Google…” “I’m Sorry, Something Went Wrong”

General, Homelab

I woke up early today, on a Saturday, to my alarm clock(s) going off. I was planning to go to a St. Patrick’s Day Parade and post-parade party with a friend. After turning off my phone alarm(s), I told my Google Nest Mini to stop the alarm that was blaring.

Unfortunately, it informed me that something went wrong. Though it did turn off. Usually when my Google Nest Mini has issues, it’s because WiFi messed up. So I stumbled out of bed, still half-asleep, to the guest bedroom, where the network “rack”—a small metal bookshelf—and the Unifi AP was at. My main 24-port switch had lights blinking. I looked up at the AP high up on the wall and saw the steady ring of blue light, indicating everything was working. OK, so not a WiFi problem, nor a network problem. Probably.

In the hallway, I passed by my Ecobee thermostat to turn the heat up a little and then noticed a “?” mark on the button for local weather. Ah, so I didn’t have Internet. Back in my room and I picked up my phone: 5G, instead of WiFi. On my computer, the Formula 1 livestream of the Bahrain track test, which I fell asleep to, had stopped. And reloading the page simply displayed a “No connection” error. I opened a command prompt and ran ipconfig /all and ping 8.8.8.8. The ping didn’t go anywhere, but I still had a proper internal IP in the subnet. Interesting. Guess the DHCP lease was still good.

Only one last place to check: the living room where the Google Fiber Jack and my Unifi Secure Gateway router were. Maybe there was a Fiber outage. Or maybe my cat had accidentally knocked the AC adapter off messing around in places he shouldn’t. Sunlight was streaming in from the balcony sliding door, making it hard to see the LED on the Jack. I covered the LED on the Fiber Jack with my hands as best as I could: it was blue. Which meant this wasn’t an outage. Uh oh. Only one other thing it could be.

Next to the Fiber Jack, surrounding my TV, I have some shelving with knickknacks and little bits of artwork. Hidden behind one art piece is my USG and an 8-port switch. I removed the art to see the devices. The switch was blinking normally. But on the USG, the console light was blinking with periodicity, while the WAN and LAN lights were out. Oh no, please don’t tell me the “magic smoke” escaped from the USG.

On closer inspection, it looked like the USG was trying to boot up repeatedly. It was even making a weird sound like a little yelp in time with the console LED going on and off. So I traced the power cable to the power strip and unplugged it, waited 15 seconds, and plugged it in again. Same thing happened. I really didn’t want to have to buy a new USG; they’re not terribly expensive, but they’re not inexpensive, either.

I tried plugging it into a different outlet on the power strip, but it kept quickly boot-looping. I then brought it to a different room and plugged it into a power outlet; no change. Great.

But then I noticed that there was a little green LED on the power brick. And it was flashing at the same frequency as the USG’s console light when plugged in. Hmm, maybe the power adapter went bad. I could deal with that, provided I had a spare lying around.

The Unifi power brick said “12V, 1 amp” for the output. So I started looking around. On my rack, I had an external HDD that was cold. I looked at its AC adapter and saw “12V, 2 amps.” That was promising, but could I use a 2 amp power supply on a device that only wants 1 amp? I looked online, via my phone, and the Internet said, “Yes.” Perfect.

I swapped the AC adapter on the USG. The little barrel connector that goes into the USG seemed to fit, if not just a smidge loose. Then I plugged it back into the wall.

It turned on and stayed on! Ha!

I brought it back to the shelf and reconnected everything. It took about 5 minutes for it to fully boot up. Afterwards, I went back to my computer and waited for an Internet connection to come back, and it did.

All in all, it was a 15-20 minute troubleshooting adventure. Not what I preferred to do straight out of bed on a Saturday morning, but it got fixed. I already ordered a new AC adapter from Amazon that should arrive in a few days.

Afterwards, I got ready and went to the parade. A bit nippy at about 25°F (about -3°C), but at least it was bright and sunny with barely any wind. I went to the party and had a couple beers. It definitely made up for the morning IT sesh.

Homelab Chronicles 04 – Power Outages and Conditional Forwarding on USG

Homelab

I’m typing this from my new digs. “New” is relative; I’ve been here three months already, yet still living out of boxes to an extent. Though all the important stuff is up and running like my computers, the network, the TV, and my bed.

My network diagram needs to be re-done, as I’ve had to move switches and routers around to make the physical infrastructure work for this apartment. The Google Fiber jack is in the living room, but some computers and network equipment are in bedrooms. Logically speaking, however, the network is still the same.

Main difference is that I have more lengths of cable running along the carpet than I did before, so I’ve had to secure the Ethernet cables to the baseboards so that I or my cat don’t trip over it. It actually looks pretty good!

Cat 5e cable cleanly secured to baseboard

As part of getting a new place, I did some additional home automation upgrades. My electric company was offering free Smart Thermostats, so I took advantage. I also replaced and added additional TP-Link Kasa Smart Plugs to control lamps around my apartment.

However, a peculiar situation arose when the power went out briefly a couple times from a bad storm. After everything came back on and online, the smart plugs stopped working properly. Only a hard power cycle—literally unplugging and re-plugging in the smart plug—seemed to fix it.

I won’t go into the whole ordeal, but after asking around on reddit, someone suggested the solution possibly lay with DNS. Because of course it’s always DNS.

DC01, a VM on my server, is the primary DNS on the network. When the power goes out, DNS becomes unavailable. Everything loses power, of course. However, everything else comes back online faster, including my router, the AP, switches, computers, and the smart plugs. The server, on the other hand, takes several minutes to boot RAID, boot ESXi, and finally boot Windows Server and make the DNS available.

I’m assuming that when the network goes down, the computers maintain their DHCP lease information, including DNS settings. However, that didn’t seem to be the case with the smart plugs. They may keep their dynamic IPs, but DNS settings do not appear to stay. Not entirely sure what goes on.

So this was a perfect opportunity to attempt Conditional Forwarding on my Unifi Secure Gateway. Conditional forwarding, as the name suggests, allows for DNS requests to go to specific DNS servers depending on the request itself.

Why will this fix my problem? Because I have an AD domain on the network, which requires DNS. Some computers are on the domain, while other computers aren’t, along with all the IoT devices. But all use the same internal DNS servers, with the DNS settings being handed out via DHCP from the router.

I found some resources on how to do this and it’s relatively easy. I won’t go into the how-to, but I’ll share the guides:

The short of it is that I had to create a new JSON file called, config.gateway.json, with the following settings:

{
	"service": {
    	"dns": {
        	"forwarding": {
            	"options": [
                    "server=/home.jcphoenix.com/192.168.32.252",
                    "server=/home.jcphoenix.com/192.168.32.242",
                    "server=8.8.8.8",
                    "server=9.9.9.9"
                ]
            }
        }
    }
}

The first two options lines associate AD domain references with the internal DNS servers. The last two options denote that any other requests should go to Google Public DNS or Quad9, another public DNS.

After placing it on the Controller (“UniFi – Where is <unifi_base>? – Ubiquiti Support and Help Center“), and setting the “DHCP Name Server” in the Controller to “Auto,” I restarted the USG and tested it out.

As you can see, when host name GRSRVDC01 was queried with nslookup, the result came back from the internal DNS server. Same with the FQDN of the AD domain. But when JCPhoenix.com—this website—was queried, it went outbound.

So mission success!

There were a couple other ways I could have fixed this. Buying a UPS for the server was probably the easiest. Which I still need to do. I also could have manually set DNS on domain computers, while letting the USG give out public DNS settings to the rest of the devices. But neither would have been as fun and also free.

I also don’t like using static network settings, aside from a device IP. Since this is an experimental homelab, some computers that are on the domain today might not be tomorrow and vice versa. I want systems to automatically receive necessary settings based on new or changing conditions or attributes.

The last thing I’ll mention is regarding uploading the config.gateway.json file. I host my Unifi Controller on an Ubuntu VM. So instead of using SSH to get in and upload the file, I simply dragged and dropped the file in to the correct folder. Unfortunately, finding the folder proved tougher than expected. Because the folder didn’t exist.

The trick to get the folder created was to go into the Controller UI, and upload an image of a floorplan. In the old UI, the path is:

Map > Floorplan (Topology dropdown top left) > Add New Floorplan > Choose Floorplan Image.

Any image will work, since the goal is simply to get the folder created. After that, the floorplan can be deleted, if desired.

That’s it for this round. I’m thinking that my next project will be to set up a VPN server to allow me to remote-in to the network when I’m away. Though we’ll see if I have the motivation anytime soon!